ONUibisobanuro
ONU (Optical Network Unit) yitwa optique ya netique kandi ni kimwe mubikoresho byingenzi mumashanyarazi ya optique (FTTH). Iherereye kumpera yumukoresha kandi ishinzwe guhindura ibimenyetso bya optique mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi no gutunganya ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi muburyo bwo kohereza amakuru kugirango bigere kubintu byihuse kubakoresha.
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1.ONU imikorere yibikoresho
UwitekaONUigikoresho gifite imirimo ikurikira:
Imikorere ifatika: Igikoresho cya ONU gifite imikorere ya optique / amashanyarazi yo guhindura, ishobora guhindura ibimenyetso byakiriwe neza mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi, kandi mugihe kimwe bigahindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mubimenyetso bya optique yo kohereza.
Imikorere yumvikana :.ONUigikoresho gifite igiteranyo cyo gukusanya, gishobora kwegeranya amakuru yihuta yamakuru yimibare yabakoresha benshi mumashanyarazi yihuta. Ifite kandi protocole yo guhindura imikorere, ishobora guhindura amakuru yimiterere muburyo bukwiye bwo kohereza.
Porotokole
ONUibikoresho bishyigikira protocole nyinshi, harimo protokole ya Ethernet, IP protocole, protocole yumubiri, nibindi, nkibi bikurikira:
Porotokole ya Ethernet: ibikoresho bya ONU bishyigikira protocole ya Ethernet kandi irashobora kumenya amakuru, gukwirakwiza no guca ibintu.
IP protocole: ibikoresho bya ONU bishyigikira protokole ya IP kandi irashobora kumenya amakuru, kubika no guca ibintu.
Porotokole igaragara: ibikoresho bya ONU bishyigikira protocole zitandukanye zifatika, nkaEPON, GPON, nibindi, bishobora kumenya ihererekanyabubasha no guhindura no kwerekana ibimenyetso bya optique.
3.ONU inzira yo kwiyandikisha
Igikorwa cyo kwiyandikisha mubikoresho bya ONU gikubiyemo kwiyandikisha kwambere, kwiyandikisha buri gihe, gukora bidasanzwe, nibindi, nkibi bikurikira:
Kwiyandikisha kwambere: Mugihe igikoresho cya ONU gikoreshwa kandi kigatangira, kizatangizwa kandi cyandikwe binyuze muriOLT(Optical Line Terminal) igikoresho cyo kurangiza kwipimisha no kugereranya ibikoresho.
Kwiyandikisha mugihe: Mugihe gikora gisanzwe, igikoresho cya ONU kizohereza buri gihe ibyifuzo byo kwiyandikisha kubikoresho bya OLT kugirango ukomeze itumanaho nigikoresho cya OLT.
Gukemura ibibazo: Mugihe igikoresho cya ONU kimenye ibintu bidasanzwe, nko kunanirwa kwurusobe, kunanirwa guhuza, nibindi, bizohereza amakuru yo gutabaza kuriOLTigikoresho kugirango byorohereze gukemura mugihe gikwiye.
4.ONU uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru
Uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mubikoresho bya ONU harimo guhererekanya ibimenyetso bisa na digitale kimwe no guhindura ibimenyetso na demodulation, kuburyo bukurikira:
Ikimenyetso cyo kugereranya: Igikoresho cya ONU cyohereza amajwi yumukoresha amajwi, videwo nandi makuru asa kubikoresho byumukoresha-byanyuma binyuze muburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso.
Ihererekanyabubasha rya Digital: ibikoresho bya ONU byohereza amakuru yumukoresha kubikoresho byabakiriya binyuze muburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso. Ibimenyetso bya digitale bigomba gushyirwaho kodegisi mbere yo kohereza. Uburyo busanzwe bwa kodegisi burimo kode ya ASCII, code ya binary, nibindi.
Guhindura ibimenyetso no kwerekana demodulation: Mugihe cyo kohereza ibimenyetso bya digitale, ibikoresho bya ONU bigomba guhindura ibimenyetso bya digitale no guhindura ibimenyetso bya digitale muburyo bwibimenyetso bikwiranye numuyoboro, nkibikoresho bya Ethernet. Muri icyo gihe, igikoresho cya ONU nacyo gikeneye kwerekana ibimenyetso byakiriwe no guhindura ibimenyetso bigasubira muburyo bwa signal ya digitale.
5.Imikoranire hagati ya ONU na OLT
Imikoranire hagati yibikoresho bya ONU nibikoresho bya OLT ikubiyemo kohereza amakuru no kugenzura umubare, nkuko bikurikira:
Kohereza amakuru: Kohereza amakuru bikorwa hagati yibikoresho bya ONU nibikoresho bya OLT binyuze mumigozi ya optique. Mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru, igikoresho cya ONU cyohereza amakuru yumukoresha kubikoresho bya OLT; mu cyerekezo cyo hasi, igikoresho cya OLT cyohereza amakuru kubikoresho bya ONU.
Kugenzura nimero yo gutunganya: Ihererekanyabubasha ryamakuru ryagaragaye hagati yigikoresho cya ONU nigikoresho cya OLT binyuze mugutunganya nimero yo kugenzura. Igenzura ryimibare ikubiyemo amakuru yisaha, amabwiriza yo kugenzura, nibindi. Nyuma yo kwakira amakuru yumubare wigenzura, igikoresho cya ONU kizakora ibikorwa bijyanye ukurikije amabwiriza, nko kohereza amakuru no kwakira, nibindi.
6.ONU kubungabunga no kuyobora
Kugirango hamenyekane imikorere isanzwe yibikoresho bya ONU, kubungabunga no gucunga birakenewe, nkibi bikurikira:
Gukemura ibibazo: Iyo igikoresho cya ONU cyananiranye, gukemura ibibazo bigomba gukorwa mugihe gikwiye. Amakosa asanzwe arimo kunanirwa gutanga amashanyarazi, kunanirwa inzira ya optique, kunanirwa kwurusobe, nibindi. Abakozi bashinzwe gufata neza bakeneye kugenzura uko ibikoresho byifashe mugihe gikwiye, kumenya ubwoko bwamakosa no kuyasana.
Guhindura ibipimo: Kugirango tumenye imikorere yigikoresho hamwe nu murongo uhagaze neza, ibipimo byibikoresho bya ONU bigomba guhinduka. Guhindura ibipimo birimo ingufu za optique, kohereza imbaraga, kwakira sensibilité, nibindi. Abakozi bashinzwe gufata neza bakeneye kugira ibyo bahindura bakurikije uko ibintu bimeze kugirango barebe imikorere isanzwe yibikoresho.
Gucunga umutekano: Kugirango umutekano wumutekano urusheho, ibikoresho bya ONU bigomba gucungwa neza. Abakozi bashinzwe gufata neza bakeneye gushyiraho uruhushya rwo gukora rwibikoresho, ijambo ryibanga ryubuyobozi, nibindi, kandi bagahindura ijambo ryibanga buri gihe. Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka z'umutekano nk'ibitero bya hackers n'indwara za virusi zigomba kwirindwa.
Mugushiraho neza no gucunga neza imiyoboro ya firewall ya ONU hamwe nibikorwa byo kugenzura amakuru, umutekano wumukoresha urashobora kunozwa neza kandi ibitero byurusobe bikarindwa. Mugihe wizeye umutekano wurusobe, ugomba kandi kwitondera guhora uvugurura politiki yumutekano kugirango uhangane n’ibibazo bigenda byiyongera kandi bigenda bihinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-21-2023
